Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and. The indian silpasastras recognize three main types of temples known as thenagara, dravida. This post is a part of the indian culture compilation based on the ncert text book an introduction to indian art part 1. Guangzhou international sanitary ware fair 2020 venue. Drawings portfolios divyakala indian temple architecture. The history and culture of odisha is in many ways distinct from those of the northern indian states and many generalizations that are made about indian history do not hold good for the odia region. Module 2 indian temple architecture linkedin slideshare. The indian silpasastras recognize three main types of temples known as the nagara, dravida and vesara. The thcentury sun temple surya deul at konarak, the sanctum of which is badly damaged, is the largest and perhaps the most famous oriya temple. This outer wall surrounds the whole temple and is known as meghananda pacheri. A brief introduction to the historical foundation of odisha odisha proclaims a glorious historical and cultural lineage spanning 2000 years. Undergraduate admissions tyler school of art and architecture. The taller the temple, the more such hollow chambers were needed. On the top of the temple there is a wheel which is made of an alloy of eight metals.
Oct 30, 2012 the distinct architectural styles of temple construction of the north india and the south india was the result of the broad geographical, climatic, ethnic, racial, historical and linguistic differences resulted, from early on, in. This beautifully decorated, elaborately carved temple is not far from the parsurameswar temple. More rajarani temple rajarani temple is one of the most renowned temples in bhubaneswar, the capital city of orissa. Bauhaus pedagogy diagram by walter gropius and its translation. The stylistic development the mukteswar marks the culmination of all earlier developments, and initiates a period of. It is one of the smallest temples and the compactness of the temple is also very striking. The vastu shastras, the ancient canonical texts on architecture, classify temples into three different orders.
The lingaraj temple at bhubaneswar boasts of a 150 foot high deul while the jagannath temple at puri is about 200 feet high and it dominates the. Ghana dvara blind doorways of the garbhagriha, which symbolically allow the energy of the deity to radiate through and beyond the temple. The jagannath temple is the largest temple of orissa and possesses a dozens of structures in its complex. The mukteswara temple belonging to the 19th century ad. Temple of brahmeswara bhubaneswar in orissa, india. All the four components are arranged in one axial alignment and often the. Firstyear undergraduates at the tyler school of art and architecture join a closeknit community of thinkers, makers and boundarypushers, supported by templea leading public research university and one of the best values in higher education. Rajasthan mughal architecture, temple architecture, concept architecture.
The lingaraj temple at bhubaneswar boasts of a 150 foot high deul while the janannath temple at puri is about 200 feet high and it dominates the skyline of the town. One can see a pyramidal or conical roof over the srikovil garbagraha in some kerala temples. They not only insured structural stability within the corbeling system but also provided hidden chambers in which the most esoteric rites of the temple were performed. The main sanctum of the temple is a mahalingam, a huge lingam that is 23 feet in circumference and 9 feet high. Only a portion of the sun temple at konark, the largest of the temples of the golden triangle exists today, and it is still staggering in size. Orissan temple architecture,traditional temple architecture. The word odia is in fact an anglicized version of odia. The glorious history of odishan temple architecture started from 6th century a.
Orissa temples temples in orissa, temples of orissa india. Mar 06, 2010 the antiquity of orissa is endorsed by her temple architecture, which is as sublime as it is aesthetically innervating. Temple of brahmeswara commentary buvaneshvar was the residence of the kings of kalinga and has more than a hundred temples built between the eighth and thirteenth centuries. So in india, odisha with its fascinating series of temples, form an exciting area to study the evolution of temple architecture. The vimana, the temple tower over the main shrine in orissa is one of the most glorious inventions of architecture in india and is functionally a much finer conception than the south indian gopuram, where the barrelshaped tower does not crown the sanctum sanctorum or thegarbhagriha but is a glorified entrance gate. We will briefly examine aspects of these styles as explained in ancient texts like the mayamata, tantrasamuchchaya and suprabhedagama and their commonalities. The whole of the main temple was covered by a thick consisting of plaster, which earned for it.
The distinct architectural styles of temple construction of the north india and the south india was the result of the broad geographical, climatic, ethnic, racial, historical and linguistic differences resulted, from early on, in. Like human physical divisions of leg, thigh, waist, chest, neck and head the temple had similar shapes and structures. A low enclosure wall embellished with sculptured niches surrounds it. The vimana or the main temple of orissa is always of rekha designs with the following special features such as. The term lingaraj suggests the king of lingas, where linga is the phallic form of lord. Influence of vernacular architecture in evolution of. At tyler, the focus is on personal, creative growth and intellectual exploration. Early medieval indian history spanning between eighth to thirteenth century a. The massive edifice standing on a high platform connected with the ground led by a flight of 22 steps is the product of accumulated experience of the past temple architecture.
The brahmeswar temple 11th century characteristic continuation of the drissan style. The jagannath temple, one of the four holiest places dhamas of hinduism, 1 in the coastal town of puri in odisha. The temple dates back to 950975 ce and is a monument of importance in the study of the development of hindu temples in odisha. Located at bhubaneshwar in orissa, lingraj mandir is easily accessible from the city. Temples of orissa the comprehensive indian temple website. Prior to this, he graduated in architecture from the school of architecture, cept university, ahmedabad, india. In recent years, architecture firms and students alike have been switching from paper portfolios to digital presentations.
The architecture of orissa is mainly noted in its temple architecture. Orissa is probably the only state where one can study temple architecture in all its successive stages of development. The temple of jagannatha at puri is the earliest ganga monument of odisha. In this megaarticle, we shall discuss about the indian temple architecture and sculpture in detail. The 11thcentury lingaraja temple at bhubaneshwar is an example of the oriya style in its fullest development. Sun temple introduction konark sun temple is build in thcentury ce at konark in odisha, india. The majestic temple of lord shri jagannatha at puri is said to have been built by emperor anangabhimadeva, it is described in madala panji, the temple chronicle of puri that anangabhima on contemplated to construct a temple of srivatsa.
In the previous articles we have discussed about the later mural traditions, post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture, arts of the mauryan period, arts of indus. Garbhagriha also garbha grha meaning wombchamber, the small windowless room that is the main shrine of the temple, usually containing a representation or symbol of the principal deity ghana dvara blind doorways of the garbhagriha, which symbolically allow the energy of the deity to radiate through and beyond the temple. Pdf orissan temple architecture and vastu purusha mandala. At 200 meters, the sun temple was the highest than any temple in india. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and jain. The temple, dedicated to the sun god surya, is close to the. Orissa are muktesvara temple, rajaranitemple and the lingaraja temple.
In oriya, it deula means a straight line, here it refers to the three parts of the temple that are set in a straight line as one can. Although there are numerous regional variants of the architecture of the hindu temple, they can basically be classifed under the nagara or the north indian and the dravida or the south indian styles. The great temple of lingaraja 11th century at bhubaneswar is the quintessence of odisha architecture with all the features of temple architecture fully developed and perfectly executed, it is undoubted one of the most finished temples in india. Dec 19, 2016 garbhagriha also garbha grha meaning wombchamber, the small windowless room that is the main shrine of the temple, usually containing a representation or symbol of the principal deity. Pidha type of temple curvilinear vimana is not there. The main temple has curvilinear shape with a chakra of lord vishnu on the top.
Corel professional photo the jagannath temple, puri. It stands out as a masterpiece in orissan architecture. Evolution of temple architecture in orissa dibishada brajasundar garnayak. Somavamsis and gangas inspired the orissan architects to carry on the spirit of creating their own style of architectural. The spiritual world family tree diagram, family tree chart, hindu rituals. Doc evolution of temple architecture in orissa laxmi. The antiquity of orissa is endorsed by her temple architecture which is as sublim as it is aesthetically innervating. The muktesvara temple the muktesvara temple is regarded as a gem of orissan architecture. List of architects in orissa, top, best architects in orissa. In the course of its history innumerable kings founded great cities and built magnificent temples, some of which have been acclaimed by critics as the most remarkable examples of architectural achievement in all of asia. The main temple structure is of 65m in altitude and is built on an elevated ground. Finally, various elements of ornamentation such as gavaksha, vyalayali, kalpalata, amalaka, kalasha, etc. Monuments and sculptures in orissa chariot wheel konark temple. For centuries now, the orissan golden triangle of bhubaneswarpuri konark has retained a vintage point on indias pilgrimage circuit for their devotional as well as architectural background.
The style consists of three distinct types of temples. In north india it is common for an entire temple to be built on a stone platform with steps leading up to it. A shape and geometrical analysis of orissan hindu temple architecture through dimensional analysis has been carried out to know the evolution process of orissan temple architecture. As so often in sacred architecture, the form is perfectly suited to its purpose. The deul is the sanctum, containing the principal image of the temple and surmounted by a curvilinear spire. An orissan temple deul usually consists of a sanctum, one or several front porches jagamohana usually with pyramidal roofs, a dancing hall nata mandir and a hall of offerings bhog mandir. India documentation of temple complex bhubaneshwar, odisha, india module. Influence of vernacular architecture in evolution of temple. Orissa temple architecture odisha government portal. Ancient history india architectural details at sri ranganatha temple, tamil. Stories and soliloquies architectural portfolio updated selected works. The style of temple architecture that became popular in northern india is known as nagara.
Further, unlike in south india it does not usually have elaborate boundary walls or. The majestic temple of lord shri jagannatha at puri is said to have been built by emperor anangabhimadeva, it is described in madala panji, the temple chronicle of puri that anangabhima on contemplated to construct a temple of srivatsa khandasala type with 100 cubits in height. Mukteshwar temple, one of the most prominent temples of bhubaneswar, has been constructed in the style that is quite similar to the one used in the kalinga school of temple architecture. Kalinga style of architecture temples of orissa architecture. With curricula centered on design studio and collaborative workshops, students in architecture, historic preservation. Undergraduate architectural portfolio by varsha kolur issuu. The architects perceived the temple in the form of a human male figure or purusha. A visual glossary of hindu architecture ancient history.
However, the tower was destroyed in an attack in 1568. The temple is entered through an elaborately ornamented takaratorana that forms. Shaped like a giant chariot, the temple is known for the exquisite stone carvings that cover the entire structure. By the middle of the th century the odishan temple. The main portion of the temple is also surrounded by a wall known as kurma bheda. Home decoration ideas images stairs architecture, amazing architecture. For centuries now, the orissan golden triangle of bhubaneswarpuri konark has retained a vintage point on indias pilgrimage circuit for their. The tyler school of art and architecture at temple university offers a broad range of degree pathways in architecture that prepare a diverse community of students to be leaders and innovators in builtenvironment design. Jagannath temple architecture in odisha found its supreme expression in the form of temples, some of which are among, finest in the country. The temple of lingaraja is highly revered by the followers of hinduism. Architecture of hindu temples hindu temples in india. Stipulated architectural principles with ample provision for artistic improvisation enabled the progressive generations to excel in splendour and created masterpieces in stone called the temple of orissa. Ranganatha temple tamil nadu, india with images ancient.
Under the ancient name of kalinga, orissa was the seat of great empires as far back as 300 b. The orissa temples have their own distinct style which gradually evolved into a more elaborate plan, highly decorative plastic figures and taller sikharas. It has 24 large wheels, 12 on each side, representing 12 months of a year. The 2year track is a 60credit degree program for students who earn temple universitys bachelor of science in architecture b. By the middle of the th century the odishan temple architecture attained its climax with the period of decadence. Temple architecture of orissa religious architecture architectural. Orissa s history dates back to the days of the mahabharata. Lingaraj temple lingaraj temple bhubaneshwar, lingaraja. The magnificent ruins on the sandy seashore at konark, at a distance of about twenty miles from puri, represent the celebrated konark temple or black pagoda of orissa, which used to receive the first rays of the sun, rising over the boundless expanse of the bay of bengal, to warn the mariners of the danger which the surf still offers to navigation along the coast. Temple architecture of orissa free download as powerpoint presentation. Sds is a design practice engaging in a critical dialogue towards bridging the boundaries of architecture, design, urbanism, and environmental design in india.
The temple was built on the basis of oriya architecture and has around 120 temples and shrines inside. Temples of odisha are famous all over the world, for the unique characteristics of their architecture and sculptural style. The main temple of brahmeshvara is surrounded by four secondary shrines. The nandhi the divine vehicle of lord shiva is a monolith measuring 12 feet in height, 19. The antiquity of orissa is endorsed by her temple architecture, which is as sublime as it is aesthetically innervating. Jagannath temple, puri wikimedia the architecture of the jagannath temple follows the pattern of many orissan temples of the ancient period. Temple architecture centre for cultural resources and training. The great ancient history of odisha orissa, history of. The vimana, the temple tower over the main shrine in orissa is one of the most glorious inventions of architecture in india and is functionally a much finer conception than the south indian gopuram, where the barrelshaped tower does not crown the sanctum sanctorum or. Temple architecture in orissa, evolved over a long period of time. Jan 12, 2018 the glorious history of odishan temple architecture started from 6th century a. For centuries now, the orissan golden triangle of bhubaneswarpurikonark has retained a vintage point on indias pilgrimage circuit for their devotional as well as architectural background. The konark sun temple is the most popular tourist destination in cuttack, orissa the konark sun temple also spelled konarak is a thcentury hindu temple dedicated to the sun god.
Lingaraj templelingaraj temple is believed to be the oldest and largest temple of bhubaneshwar. Odisha temple architecture and south indian temples a. Jun 19, 2010 however, it gained momentum in the gupta period. Simplified schema of a kalinga architecture temple the lingaraja temple, a revered pilgrimage center and the culminating result of the architectural tradition at bhubaneswar, sixth century ad. This style of high vimana has a feel of the orissa temples in bhuvaneshwar. Of these, three are most famous the lingaraja temple at bhubaneswar 11th century, the jagannath temple at puri 12th century and the great sun temple at. Temple architecture in odisha evolved over a long period of time. He recently completed his interaction design studies at copenhagen institute of interaction design ciid. Temple of brahmeswara bhubaneswar in orissa, india great.